Chang Family Collection
Abstract
The Chang Family Collection contains Chinese and English language correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, rare books, printed matter, and artifacts collected by multiple transnational generations of the Chang family, also known by the surname Chung or Zhang. Originating from a village in Guangdong, China, the Chang family first immigrated to the United States in the year 1900, and underwent successive waves of immigration and reverse migration between the two nations over the course of the 20th century. This occurred within the context of the fall of the Qing Dynasty, and the rise of warlordism, Japanese invasion, and western imperialism in China during World War II. The family also experienced racial discrimination and a rigorous immigration process in the United States, which is detailed in their correspondence.
The collection is notable for its holdings of extensive international correspondence, both incoming and outgoing, in Chinese by family patriarch Sam Chang, also known as Weixi or Siyi Chang, to his family and friends in China and the United States. It also contains personal papers pertaining to the academic, professional, and sociopolitical lives of family members including Sam Chang’s brother, Elbert Chung, and Chang’s children: Tennyson Chang, Constance Chang, Estelle Chang, and Joyce Chang.
The collection further contains a significant amount of Chinese and English language printed matter, mostly books, as well as brochures, magazines, newspapers, periodicals, pamphlets, programs, schoolbooks, travel ephemera, and yearbooks. These majority of these materials were likely collected by Sam Chang and Tennyson Chang, and reflect a broad range of interests in agriculture, history, literature, medicine, philosophy, photography, politics, and police science.
The final part of the collection includes Chinese language scrolls, personal effects, and miscellaneous realia.
Dates
- 1911 - 1986
- Majority of material found within 1911 - 1956
Creator
- Chang, Sam (1886-1988) (Person)
Conditions Governing Access
This collection is open to researchers and to the public for access. Please contact the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California for more information.
Biographical / Historical
Sam (Weixi) Chang (1886-1988) was born in Kaiping County, Guangdong Province, China and immigrated to the United States in 1915. Educated at the Guangdong Police Academy, he served as a senior officer of the Guangzhou Police Bureau and visited the United States in 1915 with the aim of studying American policing practices. He ultimately remained in the United States to manage an asparagus farm that his father had invested in, becoming a prominent farmer in the San Fernando Valley of southern California. He was married to Zhiyuan Cen (1885-1984), and was the father of Tennyson (Tingxun) Chang (1910-2000), Constance (Yuhua) Chang (1912-), Estelle (Yuchu) Chang (1925-2001), and Joyce (Yuzai) Chang (1928-).
Elbert (Weiying) Chung (1896-1986) was born in China and immigrated to the United States in 1907. After attending high school in Los Angeles, he graduated from Georgetown University Medical School. He continued on to work for the Beijing Union Medical College and the Central Hospital of the Chinese government, as well as to open his own practice in Shanghai and participate in Red Cross activities during the 1937 Japanese attack on Shanghai. In 1938, he immigrated back to the United States with his wife and three daughters, and opened a medical office in the United States, where he remained until his death.
Tennyson (Tingxun) Chang (1910-2000) was born in China and immigrated to the United States in 1929. After attending Nankai School in Tianjin, he earned his BA from the University of Southern California, MA from Columbia University, and PhD from Georgetown University. Active in nationalistic efforts during World War II, he was involved in student activism for organizations like United China Relief and the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. He continued on to work as a diplomat for the General Consulate of the Chinese Nationalist government in Nicaragua and the China Institute in America. He also held academic appointments at the University of Colorado in Boulder, as a professor of international relations at Georgetown University, and as a professor of Asian studies at Saint Petersburg University in Tampa, Florida. He married Xi-en Ying in 1938.
Constance (Yuhua) Chang (1912-) was born in China and first arrived in the United States in 1923. She returned to China in 1927 for her high school and college education at Nankai School in Tianjin and Yenching University in Beijing, then pursued graduate studies at Columbia University starting in 1937. She married Tang Mingzhao, an activist with the Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance in New York, co-founder of the China Daily News, and undersecretary general for political affairs and decolonization in the United Nations from 1972 to 1979.
Estelle (Yuchu) Chang (1925-2001). She served in United States military forces during World War II. She married Patrick Wong.
Joyce (Yuzai) Chang (1928-). She married William Koe.
Extent
43.46 Linear Feet
Language of Materials
English
Chinese
Arrangement
This collection is arranged in nine series. Series 1-6 are arranged by creator. Series 7-9 are arranged by format, and thematically thereunder.
Series 1: Sam Chang Papers
Series 2: Elbert Chung Papers
Series 3: Tennyson Chang Papers
Series 4: Constance Chang Papers
Series 5: Estelle Chang Papers
Series 6: Joyce Chang Papers
Series 7: Photographs
Series 8: Printed Matter
Series 8A: Chinese Language Books, Modern
Series 8B: Chinese Language Books, Traditionally Bound
Series 8C: Chinese Language Newspapers
Series 8D: Chinese-English Language Yearbooks
Series 8E: Chinese-English Miscellaneous Publications
Series 8F: English Language Books
Series 8G: English Language Periodicals and Pamphlets
Series 8H: English Language Opera Programs
Series 8I: English Language Photography Magazine
Series 8J: English Language Schoolbooks
Series 8K: English Language Travel Books and Brochures
Series 9: Artifacts and Oversized
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Collection was donated by Norman Wong and Angi Ma Wong circa 1988.
Existence and Location of Originals
A significant portion of the original collection as inventoried in 1988 at an off-site location belonging to the donor cannot be located. This includes print materials related to police training, immigration, medicine, and other topics, as well as a large quantity of artifacts. The original inventory can be found in the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California Institutional Records, Administrative series, Archives file.
Bibliography
Physical Description
Much of the traditionally bound Chinese language books, scrolls, and maps are in extremely fragile condition and require careful handling. Two ceramic jugs in the artifacts and oversized series are broken due to an earthquake that impacted the archival repository.
Processing Information
This collection was processed by Chelsea Liu in 2023. Michaela Telfer assisted with arrangement and rehousing. Titles of Chinese language books in the collection were transcribed and translated by Gengwu Wang.
Items belonging to Sam Chang and Elbert Chung were originally each held separately as an independent collection and were integrated into the family collection. Materials created by Tennyson Chang, Constance Chang, Estelle Chang, and Joyce Chang were contained within the Sam Chang collection without clear demarcation, and were arranged into separate series.
- Author
- Chelsea Liu
- Date
- 2024
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
Repository Details
Part of the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California Repository
411 and 415 Bernard Street
Los Angeles California 90012 United States
(323) 222-0856
info@chssc.org