Skip to main content

Chang Family Collection

 Collection
Identifier: 1988-M-1-Chang

Abstract

The Chang Family Collection contains Chinese and English language correspondence, manuscripts, photographs, rare books, printed matter, and artifacts collected by multiple transnational generations of the Chang family, also known by the surname Chung or Zhang. Originating from a village in Guangdong, China, the Chang family first immigrated to the United States in the year 1900, and underwent successive waves of immigration and reverse migration between the two nations over the course of the 20th century. This occurred within the context of the fall of the Qing Dynasty, and the rise of warlordism, Japanese invasion, and western imperialism in China during World War II. The family also experienced racial discrimination and a rigorous immigration process in the United States, which is detailed in their correspondence.

The collection is notable for its holdings of extensive international correspondence, both incoming and outgoing, in Chinese by family patriarch Sam Chang, also known as Weixi or Siyi Chang, to his family and friends in China and the United States. It also contains personal papers pertaining to the academic, professional, and sociopolitical lives of family members including Sam Chang’s brother, Elbert Chung, and Chang’s children: Tennyson Chang, Constance Chang, Estelle Chang, and Joyce Chang.

The collection further contains a significant amount of Chinese and English language printed matter, mostly books, as well as brochures, magazines, newspapers, periodicals, pamphlets, programs, schoolbooks, travel ephemera, and yearbooks. These majority of these materials were likely collected by Sam Chang and Tennyson Chang, and reflect a broad range of interests in agriculture, history, literature, medicine, philosophy, photography, politics, and police science.

The final part of the collection includes Chinese language scrolls, personal effects, and miscellaneous realia.

Dates

  • 1911 - 1986
  • Majority of material found within 1911 - 1956

Creator

Conditions Governing Access

This collection is open to researchers and to the public for access. Please contact the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California for more information.

Biographical / Historical

Sam (Weixi) Chang (1886-1988) was born in Kaiping County, Guangdong Province, China and immigrated to the United States in 1915. Educated at the Guangdong Police Academy, he served as a senior officer of the Guangzhou Police Bureau and visited the United States in 1915 with the aim of studying American policing practices. He ultimately remained in the United States to manage an asparagus farm that his father had invested in, becoming a prominent farmer in the San Fernando Valley of southern California. He was married to Zhiyuan Cen (1885-1984), and was the father of Tennyson (Tingxun) Chang (1910-2000), Constance (Yuhua) Chang (1912-), Estelle (Yuchu) Chang (1925-2001), and Joyce (Yuzai) Chang (1928-).

Elbert (Weiying) Chung (1896-1986) was born in China and immigrated to the United States in 1907. After attending high school in Los Angeles, he graduated from Georgetown University Medical School. He continued on to work for the Beijing Union Medical College and the Central Hospital of the Chinese government, as well as to open his own practice in Shanghai and participate in Red Cross activities during the 1937 Japanese attack on Shanghai. In 1938, he immigrated back to the United States with his wife and three daughters, and opened a medical office in the United States, where he remained until his death.

Tennyson (Tingxun) Chang (1910-2000) was born in China and immigrated to the United States in 1929. After attending Nankai School in Tianjin, he earned his BA from the University of Southern California, MA from Columbia University, and PhD from Georgetown University. Active in nationalistic efforts during World War II, he was involved in student activism for organizations like United China Relief and the Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association. He continued on to work as a diplomat for the General Consulate of the Chinese Nationalist government in Nicaragua and the China Institute in America. He also held academic appointments at the University of Colorado in Boulder, as a professor of international relations at Georgetown University, and as a professor of Asian studies at Saint Petersburg University in Tampa, Florida. He married Xi-en Ying in 1938.

Constance (Yuhua) Chang (1912-) was born in China and first arrived in the United States in 1923. She returned to China in 1927 for her high school and college education at Nankai School in Tianjin and Yenching University in Beijing, then pursued graduate studies at Columbia University starting in 1937. She married Tang Mingzhao, an activist with the Chinese Hand Laundry Alliance in New York, co-founder of the China Daily News, and undersecretary general for political affairs and decolonization in the United Nations from 1972 to 1979.

Estelle (Yuchu) Chang (1925-2001). She served in United States military forces during World War II. She married Patrick Wong.

Joyce (Yuzai) Chang (1928-). She married William Koe.

Extent

43.46 Linear Feet

Language of Materials

English

Chinese

Arrangement

This collection is arranged in nine series. Series 1-6 are arranged by creator. Series 7-9 are arranged by format, and thematically thereunder.

Series 1: Sam Chang Papers Series 2: Elbert Chung Papers Series 3: Tennyson Chang Papers Series 4: Constance Chang Papers Series 5: Estelle Chang Papers Series 6: Joyce Chang Papers Series 7: Photographs Series 8: Printed Matter Series 8A: Chinese Language Books, Modern Series 8B: Chinese Language Books, Traditionally Bound Series 8C: Chinese Language Newspapers Series 8D: Chinese-English Language Yearbooks Series 8E: Chinese-English Miscellaneous Publications Series 8F: English Language Books Series 8G: English Language Periodicals and Pamphlets Series 8H: English Language Opera Programs Series 8I: English Language Photography Magazine Series 8J: English Language Schoolbooks Series 8K: English Language Travel Books and Brochures Series 9: Artifacts and Oversized

Immediate Source of Acquisition

Collection was donated by Norman Wong and Angi Ma Wong circa 1988.

Existence and Location of Originals

A significant portion of the original collection as inventoried in 1988 at an off-site location belonging to the donor cannot be located. This includes print materials related to police training, immigration, medicine, and other topics, as well as a large quantity of artifacts. The original inventory can be found in the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California Institutional Records, Administrative series, Archives file.

Related Materials

Other collections of interest at the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California include the Marie Louie collection and the Southern California Oral History (SCOH) collection. The Marie Louie collection of Yee family photographs is related to the Chang family through the marriage of Yitang Chung to Nellie Yee. The Southern California Oral History (SCOH) collection includes oral history recordings of interviews with Sam Chang, his stepmother Nellie Yee Chung, and his nephew Arthur Chung.

For further context, the history of the extended Chang family is chronicled in The Transnational History of a Chinese Family: Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration (2005) by Haiming Liu.

Bibliography

Liu, Haiming. The Transnational History of a Chinese Family : Immigrant Letters, Family Business, and Reverse Migration. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2005.

Physical Description

Much of the traditionally bound Chinese language books, scrolls, and maps are in extremely fragile condition and require careful handling. Two ceramic jugs in the artifacts and oversized series are broken due to an earthquake that impacted the archival repository.

Processing Information

This collection was processed by Chelsea Liu in 2023. Michaela Telfer assisted with arrangement and rehousing. Titles of Chinese language books in the collection were transcribed and translated by Gengwu Wang.

Items belonging to Sam Chang and Elbert Chung were originally each held separately as an independent collection and were integrated into the family collection. Materials created by Tennyson Chang, Constance Chang, Estelle Chang, and Joyce Chang were contained within the Sam Chang collection without clear demarcation, and were arranged into separate series.

Author
Chelsea Liu
Date
2024
Language of description
English
Script of description
Latin

Repository Details

Part of the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California Repository

Contact:
411 and 415 Bernard Street
Los Angeles California 90012 United States
(323) 222-0856